Dubbing (filmmaking) - Wikipedia. Dubbing, mixing or re- recording is a post- production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. The process usually takes place on a dub stage. After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks (dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, and music), the dubbing mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack. Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as "additional dialogue replacement",[1][2][3] "additional dialogue recording", and "looping",[4][5] in which the original actors re- record and synchronize audio segments. Outside the film industry, the term "dubbing" most commonly refers to the replacement of the voices of the actors shown on the screen with those of different performers speaking another language, which is called "revoicing" in the film industry.[1]Origins[edit]In the past, dubbing was practiced primarily in musicals when the actor had an unsatisfactory singing voice.

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Today, dubbing enables the screening of audiovisual material to a mass audience in countries where viewers do not speak the same language as the performers in the original production.[citation needed]Films, videos, and sometimes video games are often dubbed into the local language of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, and anime.[citation needed]Methods[edit]ADR/post- sync[edit]Automated dialogue replacement (ADR) is the process of re- recording dialogue by the original actor after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes (also known as "looping" or a "looping session").[6][7] In India the process is simply known as "dubbing", while in the UK, it is also called "post- synchronisation" or "post- sync". The insertion of voice actor performances for animation, such as computer- generated imagery or animated cartoons, is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. The ADR process may be used to: change the original lines recorded on set to clarify context; improve diction or correct an accent; improve comedic timing or dramatic timing; correct technical issues with synchronization; use a studio- quality singing performance or provide a voice- double for actors who are poor vocalists; add or remove content for legal purposes (such as removing an unauthorized trademarked name); add or remove a product placement; correct a misspoken line not caught during filming; remove extraneous sounds such as production equipment noise, traffic, wind, or other undesirable sounds from the environment. In conventional film production, a production sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post- production, a supervising sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film and decides which lines must be re- recorded.

ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which takes place in a specialized sound studio. The actor, usually the original actor from the set, views the scene with the original sound, then attempts to recreate the performance. Over the course of multiple takes, the actor performs the lines while watching the scene; the most suitable take becomes the final version.[8] The ADR process does not always take place in a post- production studio. The process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment. ADR can also be recorded without showing the actor the image they must match, but by having them listen to the performance, since some actors believe that watching themselves act can degrade subsequent performances. Sometimes, a different actor than the original actor on set is used during ADR.

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One famous example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader portrayed by David Prowse; in post- production, James Earl Jones dubbed the voice of Vader.[9]Other examples include: Frenchmen Philippe Noiret and Jacques Perrin, who were dubbed into Italian for Cinema Paradiso. Austrian bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, dubbed for Hercules in New York. Argentine boxer Carlos Monzón, dubbed by a professional actor for the lead in the drama La Mary. Gert Frobe, who played Auric Goldfinger in the James Bond film Goldfinger, dubbed by Michael Collins. Andie Mac. Dowell's Jane, in Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes, who was dubbed by Glenn Close.

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Tom Hardy, who portrayed Bane in The Dark Knight Rises, re- dubbed half of his own lines for ease of viewer comprehension. Harvey Keitel was dubbed by Roy Dotrice in post production for Saturn 3. Rythmo band[edit]An alternative method to dubbing, called "rythmo band" (or "lip- sync band"), has historically been used in Canada and France.

It provides a more precise guide for the actors, directors, and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The "band" is actually a clear 3. India ink, together with numerous additional indications for the actor—including laughs, cries, length of syllables, mouth sounds, breaths, and mouth openings and closings. The rythmo band is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture.[citation needed]Studio time is used more efficiently, since with the aid of scrolling text, picture, and audio cues, actors can read more lines per hour than with ADR alone (only picture and audio). With ADR, actors can average 1. However, the preparation of a rythmo band is a time- consuming process involving a series of specialists organized in a production line.

This has prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session.[citation needed]Global use[edit]Dubbing is often used to localize a foreign movie. Watch The Haunted House Putlocker#. The new voice track is usually spoken by a voice artist, or voice actor. In many countries, actors who regularly perform this duty remain little- known, with the exception of particular circles (such as anime fandom) or when their voices have become synonymous with roles or actors whose voices they usually dub.

In the United States, many of these voice artists may employ pseudonyms or go uncredited due to Screen Actors Guild regulations or the desire to dissociate themselves from the role. Especially in comedies and animated movies, famous local actors may be hired to perform the dubbing, as their names are intended to attract a local audience; the entire cast may be dubbed by a local cast of similar familiarity.  Dubbing only for children, otherwise solely subtitles  Mixed areas: Countries using occasional multiple- voice voice- overs on broadcast TV, otherwise solely subtitles.  Voice- over: Countries using usually two or more voice actors, otherwise the original soundtrack remains such as in Poland and Russia. Watch Paterson Putlocker there.

This method is used in TV broadcasting, but dubbing is also used in these countries.  General dubbing: Countries using exclusively a full- cast dubbing, both for films and TV series, although in Polish, Czech and Slovak cinemas, only children's movies are usually dubbed. Countries which produce their own dubbings, but often use dubbed versions from another country whose language is sufficiently similar so that the local audience understands it easily (French and Dutch for Belgium and Czech for Slovakia.)Kids/Family films and programming[edit]In North- West Europe (the UK, Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, the Dutch- speaking part of Belgium and the Nordic countries), Portugal and Balkan countries, generally only movies and TV shows intended for children are dubbed, while TV shows and movies for older audiences are subtitled (although animated productions have a tradition of being dubbed). For movies in cinemas with clear target audiences (both below and above 1.